Etiologia carcinomului hepatocelular: analiza retrospectivă din cadrul Spitalului Clinic Republican „Timofei Moșneaga”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52556/2587-3873.2025.2(104).33Cuvinte cheie:
carcinom hepatocelular, hepatită virală, boala ficatului steatozic asociată disfuncției metabolice, ciroza hepaticăRezumat
Carcinomul hepatocelular (CHC) reprezintă principala formă de cancer hepatic primar și o cauză importantă de mortalitate la nivel global. Studiul își propune analiza factorilor etiologici ai CHC din cadrul Spitalului Clinic Republican (SCR) „Timofei Moșneaga” din Republica Moldova, în raport cu tendințele evidențiate în literatura internațională. A fost realizat un studiu observațional, retrospectiv cu analiza pacienților din cadrul SCR „Timofei Moșneaga”. Studiul a inclus 299 de pacienți internați în perioada 2017–2025, cu diagnostic confirmat de CHC. Datele au fost colectate din sistemul informațional SIAAM. Criteriile de selecție au inclus vârsta, sexul, etiologia, stadiul bolii hepatice. Rezultatele au fost comparate cu studiile internaționale, cu utilizarea motorului de căutare Google Academic și PubMed. Factorii etiologici predominanți au fost infecțiile virale: virusul hepatitei C (VHC) – 29,8%, virusul hepatitei B (VHB) – 17,4% și coinfecția/suprainfecția cu virusul hepatitei D (VHD) – 17%. Factorii non-virali, precum alcoolul și boala ficatului steatozic asociată disfuncției metabolice (MASLD) au fost responsabili de 10,37% din cazuri. MASLD a fost identificată în 1,67% dintre cazuri, iar consumul de alcool în 8,7%. Aproximativ 89% dintre pacienți prezentau ciroză hepatică avansată clasele Child-Pugh B și C. Principala cauză a CHC în Republica Moldova continuă a fi etiologia virală, deși în țările occidentale se atestă o ușoară tranziție spre cea metabolică. Prevalența cirozei hepatice la momentul diagnosticului CHC reflectă nevoia stringentă de elaborare și implementare a unor programe eficiente de screening și detecție precoce.
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