Asocierea bidirecțională dintre boala de reflux gastroesofagian și diabetul zaharat de tip 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52556/2587-3873.2025.2(104).34Keywords:
boala de reflux gastroesofagian, diabet zaharatde tip 2Abstract
Boala de reflux gastroesofagian (BRGE) și diabetul zaharat de tip 2 (DZT2) se numără printre cele mai răspândite afecțiuni cronice la nivel global. Acest studiu își propune să sintetizeze descoperirile recente privind asocierea dintre BRGE și DZT2, cu accent pe potențialul abordărilor terapeutice integrate. A fost efectuată o analiză narativă utilizând literatura de specialitate națională și internațională publicată, cu aplicarea motorului de căutare din PubMed, Scopus și EMBASE. Studiile recente evidențiază o interacțiune bidirecțională între BRGE și DZT2, ceea ce contribuie la exacerbarea reciprocă a acestor patologii și rezultate suboptimale la tratament. DZT2 predispune la BRGE prin neuropatie autonomă, golire gastrică întârziată și motilitate esofagiană alterată. În schimb, BRGE afectează glicemia prin aderența slabă la tratament, motivată fiind de simptomele chinuitoare nocturne. Obezitatea, dimicrobismul intestinal și adipokinele proinflamatorii leagă în continuare ambele patologii. În ciuda recomandărilor ample stipulate de ghiduri, screeningul pentru BRGE la diabetici și viceversa nu este standardizat și efectuat sporadic. Atenția specialiștilor ar trebui îndreptată spre diagnosticul precoce folosind instrumente validate și intervenții terapeutice comune precum gestionarea țintită a greutății și terapii cu dublă utilizare. Agenții farmacologici inovatori, cum ar fi agoniștii receptorilor GLP-1 și terapiile direcționate către microbiotă, sunt promițători pentru gestionarea ambelor boli. Legătura bidirecțională dintre BRGE și DZT2 reflectă mecanisme fiziopatologice comune, care necesită o schimbare importantă către modele de îngrijire integrată. Colaborarea dintre gastroenterologi, endocrinologi și medicii de familie este esențială.
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