Portal thrombosis in advanced liver disease: literature review
Keywords:
liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, portal vein thrombosisAbstract
Portal vein thrombosis is a well-known complication in the natural course of advanced liver disease, ranging from asymptomatic cases to life-threatening conditions related to portal hypertension and hepatic decompensation. Portal flow stasis, complex acquired hypercoagulation disorders and exogenous factors leading to endothelial dysfunction appear as key factors for the development of PVT. However, the occurrence of PVT remains unpredictable and many aspects of its natural history, prognostic significance and treatment are still elusive. Although spontaneous resolution or disease stability occurs in most cases of PVT, the factors that predispose to disease progression or recurrence after spontaneous recanalization are still unclear. Furthermore, the impact of PVT on the progression of liver cirrhosis is still debated, as PVT itself may represent a consequence of the progression of liver fibrosis and liver dysfunction. Advanced liver disease is no longer considered a condition associated with a low risk of thrombotic events. Portal vein thrombosis is a common and potentially life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis. Despite advanced knowledge in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of PVT, many aspects regarding its natural history and prognostic outcome remain elusive.
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