Sănătatea orală la pacienții cu diabet zaharat – o componentă a evaluării medicale comprehensive

Igor Ciumeico; Lucia Avornic

Autori

Igor Ciumeico Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu“ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-5060
Lucia Avornic Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu“ https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4311-5903

Cuvinte cheie:

diabet zaharat, sănătate orală, boalăparodontală

Rezumat

Boala parodontală și diabetul zaharat reprezintă niște patologii complexe, cu o prevalență sporită în populația generală. Diabetul zaharat slab controlat este asociat cu o prevalență și severitate crescută a parodontitei, iar parodontita severă este asociată cu un control glicemic compromis. A fost efectuată o analiză a articolelor publicate în limba engleză în baza de date PubMed în perioada ianuarie 2000 – martie 2024, analiză care a avut drept scop cercetarea relației dintre diabet și boala parodontală. Diabetul zaharat și boala parodontală reprezintă o problemă de sănătate publică, determinată de prevalența crescută și complicațiile cronice care afectează calitatea vieții. Parodontita, modificările fluxului salivar, infecțiile fungice sunt doar un șir de patologii cu o prevalență mai înaltă la persoanele cu diabet zaharat tip 2. Interrelația parodontită – diabet zaharat s-a dovedit a fi una bidirecțională, astfel încât parodontita împiedică obținerea obiectivelor terapeutice și prezența acesteia poate majora riscul de dezvoltare a diabetului, pe de altă parte, diabetul zaharat, de asemenea, poate contribui la apariția parodontitei. Cu toate acestea, cunoștințele medicilor practicieni cu privire la importanța sănătății orale la persoanele cu diabet, precum și cunoștințele medicilor stomatologi despre importanța diabetului zaharat pentru sănătatea orală sunt limitate. Abordarea multidisciplinară a unei persoane cu diabet zaharat tip 2 necesită formarea echipelor interdisciplinare, în care cu certitudine trebuie să fie inclus și medicul stomatolog.

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