Eficacitatea măsurilor antiepidemice în focarele de tuberculoză în municipiul Chişinău

Alina Malic; Dumitru Batâr; Evelina Lesnic; Tatiana Osipov

Authors

Alina Malic Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-6470
Dumitru Batâr Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Evelina Lesnic Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4259-0227
Tatiana Osipov Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-0623

Abstract

The highest risk of the disease is observed among the contacts of the patients with tuberculosis in the clusters with a long-term contact. The aim of the research was to study the particularities of tuberculosis clusters (TC) depending on the degree of epidemiological danger and to assess the eff ectiveness of anti-epidemic measures in these TC. 384 tuberculosis clusters were analyzed in patients with sensitive evolutive tuberculosis admitted for the treatment in the Municipal Clinical Hospital of Phthisiopneumology. According to the criteria for the TB clusters classifi cation, they were divided into 3 groups: 1st group – 279 (72,7%) clusters, 2nd group – 104 (27,1%) and 3rd group – a single (0,2%) cluster. In the 1st group TC children 163 (58.4%) were established; pregnant women were identifi ed in 11 (3.9%) TC and were TB/HIV co-infected cases in 18 (6.5%) TC. Tuberculosis was confi rmed microbiologically by sputum smear in 263 (94.3%) patients. Contacts examination detected 15 children and 7 adults with tuberculosis. In the 2nd group TC the optimal living conditions predominated as a clasifi cation criteria. Positive culture for tuberculosis mycobacteria was identifi ed in 53 (51.0%) patients, and 4 contact from TC were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Conclusion: the high rate of the 1st groups TC showes an unfavorable epidemiological situation, despite the steady decreasing trend of the epidemiological indicators. Optimizing anti-epidemic measures in clusters through the enlargement of the actively investigated groups will contribute to the precocious detection and reducing the transmission of the tuberculous infection.

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