Global vaccination policies in rotavirus infection
Keywords:
rotavirus, rotavirus infection, vaccination, burden of disease, surveillanceAbstract
Before rotavirus vaccines first became available in 2006, almost every child up to the age of 3-5 years had at least one episode of diarrhoea due to rotavirus infection. According to statistics, in the 2000s rotavirus was the leading cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age globally, causing an estimated 500 000 child deaths and more than 2 million hospitalisations worldwide. Currently available rotavirus vaccines are live, oral, attenuated rotavirus strains of human and/or animal origin that replicate in the human gut to elicit an immune response. The first 2 rotavirus vaccines prequalified by the WHO were RotaTeq27 (Merck & Co. Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) in 2008 and Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) in 2009. Each of the WHO pre-qualified vaccines against rotavirus has demonstrated a high level of safety. Rotavirus vaccination is costeffective in most low- and middle-income countries compared to no vaccination. Given the continuing burden of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis even after vaccination and in the second year of life in high morbidity and mortality settings, current research priorities include investigating alternative schedules, including neonatal schedules and booster doses.
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