Determinantele biopsihosociale ale aderării la tratament in hipertensiunea arterială: revizia literaturii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52556/2587-3873.2022.2(93).09Cuvinte cheie:
aderare la tratament, hipertensiune arterială, determinante biopsihosocialeRezumat
Creșterea aderării la tratament în rândul pacienților cu hipertensiune arterială poate preveni dezvoltarea complicațiilor, scăderea mortalității și reducerea costurilor pentru îngrijire. Scopul reviziei literaturii a constat în identificarea publicațiilor privind determinantele biologice, psihologice și sociale asociate cu aderarea la tratament în rândul pacienților cu hipertensiune arterială pentru optimizarea tacticii terapeutice. A fost realizată căutarea surselor bibliografice în bazele de date PubMed, Google Scholar și Hinari. Strategiile de căutare conțineau cuvintele-cheie „aderare”, „hipertensiune arterială”, „biopsihosocial”. Textul integral al studiilor a fost evaluat în baza variabilelor – scopul, metodologia, numărul de participanți și rezultatele cercetării. Au fost identificate 1.232 de citări, 34 de articole au fost revizuite integral, 12 articole – incluse în review: șase review-uri sistematice și meta-analize, trei review-uri narative, un studiu de cohortă și două studii transversale. Determinantele biologice asociate aderării la tratament au fost: vârsta, sexul, factorii legați de boală; determinantele psihologice: atitudinea față de boală și tratament, autoeficacitatea, percepția bolii, convingerile despre boală și tratament, depresia, conștientizarea în domeniul sănătății; determinantele sociale: suportul familial și social, statutul socioeconomic, venitul lunar, factorii legați de asistența medicală, educația, statutul civil, locul de reședință. Aderarea la tratament în rândul pacienților cu hipertensiune arterială poate fi ameliorată prin utilizarea medicamentelor combinate într-un singur comprimat, îmbunătățirea relației medic-pacient, suportul familial și social, dezvoltarea programelor de educație terapeutică pentru această categorie de pacienți. Cuvinte-cheie: aderare la tratament, hipertensiune arterială, determinante biopsihosociale.
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