Politici globale de vaccinare în infecția rotavirală
Cuvinte cheie:
rotavirus, infecţia rotavirală, Vaccinare, povara maladiei, supraveghereRezumat
Înainte ca vaccinurile împotriva infecției rotavirale să fie disponibile pentru prima dată în 2006, practic fiecare copil până la vârsta de 3-5 ani făcea cel puțin un episod de diaree din cauza infecției rotavirale. Conform datelor statistice, în anii 2000, rotavirusul a fost principala cauză de diaree severă, deshidratantă la copiii cu vârsta mai mică de 5 ani la nivel global, provocând aproximativ 500 000 de decese în rândul copiilor și mai mult de 2 milioane de spitalizări în întreaga lume. Vaccinurile rotavirale disponibile în prezent sunt tulpini de rotavirus vii, orale, atenuate de origine umană și/sau animală, care se reproduc în intestinul uman pentru a provoca un răspuns imun. Primele 2 vaccinuri contra infecției rotavirale precalificate de OMS au fost: RotaTeq27 (Merck & Co. Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, SUA) în 2008 și Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgia) în 2009. Fiecare dintre vaccinurile precalificate de OMS împotriva rotavirusului au dovedit un nivel înalt de siguranță. Vaccinarea împotriva rotavirusului este eficientă din punct de vedere al costurilor în majoritatea țărilor cu venituri mici și medii în comparație cu lipsa vaccinării. Povara continuă a gastroenteritei severe provocată de rotavirus chiar și după vaccinare și în al doilea an de viață în medii cu morbiditate și mortalitate ridicată, prioritățile actuale de cercetare includ și investigarea programelor alternative, inclusiv programele neonatale și dozele de rapel.
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