Disruptorii endocrini și sarcina
Cuvinte cheie:
disruptori endocrini, sarcina, impactRezumat
Prevalența în creștere a substanțelor chimice în mediul ambiant, care interferează cu sistemul endocrin reprezintă o situație îngrijorătoare pentru sănătatea populației la nivel global. În ultimii ani se acordă o atenție semnificativă disruptorilor endocrini, astfel, Societatea Europeană de Endocrinologie, alături de Societatea de Endocrinologie din SUA îndeamnă la creșterea gradului de conștientizare a influenței acestora asupra organismului uman. Scopul cercetării este de a identifica influența disruptorilor endocrini în sarcină, pentru a preveni impactul negativ asupra mediului materno-fetal. Studiul a fost realizat în baza analizei și sintezei detaliate a literaturii de specialitate, cu identificarea articolelor publicate în bazele de date științifice internaționale. Pentru realizarea scopului au fost utilizate următoarele motoare de căutare: PubMed, Google Academic, ResearchGate, SpringerLink și ScienceDirect, utilizând cuvintele-cheie: ,,disruptori endocrini”, ,,sarcină’’, ,,impact’’. Am selectat articolele cu text integral. Au fost identificate mai multe căi de alterare a răspunsului hormonal. Disruptorii endocrini afectează sarcina la orice etapă, prin generarea inflamației și stresului oxidativ la nivel tisular, asociate cu eșecul implantării embrionului, modificări morfopatologice ale placentei, avort recurent, restricție de creștere intrauterină a fătului sau travaliu prematur. În plus, aceste substanțe pot induce dezvoltarea preeclampsiei și diabetului gestațional, unele dintre ele prezentând asociere cu gradul de severitate al preeclampsiei. Așadar, impactul expunerii la disruptorii endocrini în sarcină implică perturbarea homeostaziei hormonale materne, placentare și fetale.
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