Modern trends in the treatment of acute limb ischemia: a review of the literature
Keywords:
acute ischemia, arterial thrombosis, arterial embolism, interventional revascularizationAbstract
Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a clinical emergency with possible limb loss and life-threatening consequences. ALI is characterized by a sudden decrease in limb perfusion. It is defined as duration of symptoms for less than 14 days. The aging of the population, an effect also present in the Republic of Moldova, increases the prevalence of ALI. The two main etiologies of ALI are arterial embolism and thrombosis of an atherosclerotic artery. It is one of the most common causes of major amputation, affecting approximately 1.5 in 10,000 people annually. Ischemia-reperfusion syndrome accompanied with acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis are potential systemic consequences of untreated ALI. Prompt diagnosis, accurate assessment, and urgent intervention for revascularization are crucial for limb salvage and prevention of severe systemic complications. Delay in diagnosis and therapy can lead to irreversible ischemia.
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