Multiparametric descriptive and comparative analyses between fertile versus infertile men with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52556/2587-3873.2025.3(105).05Keywords:
male infertility, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, azoospermia, Y chromosome microdeletions, semen analysis, testicular ultrasoundAbstract
Male infertility represents a major global health concern, often associated with conditions such as severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and azoospermia. The aim of the study was to compare clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics between infertile men and fertile controls. A prospective case-control study was conducted involving 180 participants, including 90 infertile men (45 with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and 45 with azoospermia) and 90 fertile controls. Semen analysis, testicular ultrasound, vitamin D levels, and genetic testing.were performed. In men with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, significantly reduced mean values were observed for sperm concentration (1.77±2 million/mL), total sperm count (5.59±8 million), total motility (12.64±16%), progressive motility (7.93±12%), vitality (13.64±18%), and normal morphology (1.02±2%) compared to controls. Vitamin D levels were slightly higher in the study group (29.37±9.3 ng/mL) than in controls (25.38±10.2 ng/mL). Average testicular volumes were 12.50±5.47 mL (right) and 12.30±5.09 mL (left). Abnormal echotexture and echogenicity were noted in 24.6% and 31.5% of right testes and 15.6% and 25.5% of left testes, respectively. Y chromosome microdeletions (sY242, sY1291, sY255, sY254) were identified in 4.4% of cases. An abnormal karyotype was found in 7.8% of infertile participants, while 92.2% had a normal karyotype. Compared with fertile men, severe oligoasthenozoospermia and azoospermia show marked alterations in semen, testicular, genetic, and endocrine parameters.
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