Profilul rezistenței tulpinilor de pseudomonas aeruginosa la preparatele antimicrobiene
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52556/2587-3873.2024.4(101).10Cuvinte cheie:
Pseudomonas, antibiotice, rezistenţăRezumat
Rezistența antimicrobiană reprezintă una dintre cele mai serioase amenințări cu care se confruntă omenirea în prezent. Majoritatea patogenilor de pe lista OMS cu rezistență înaltă la antibiotice sunt bacterii Gram-negative, inclusiv Pseudomonas. Au fost analizate datele privind structura etiologică a infecțiilor septico-purulente (ISP) și rezistența multiplă la antibiotice a microorganismelor izolate de la pacienții internați în Institutul de Medicină Urgentă (IMU). Bacteriile Gram-pozitive au reprezentat 40,15% din tulpinile izolate, cu predominanța speciilor de Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus și Staphylococcus epidermidis. Bacteriile Gram-negative au constituit 56,34%, cele mai frecvente fi ind Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa și Escherichia coli. P. aeruginosa a înregistrat cea mai mare rată a MDR - 92,71%, urmată de Acinetobacter spp., E. faecium și K. pneumoniae. Prevalența XDR a fost cea mai mare în cazul P. aeruginosa (81,50%), Acinetobacter spp., K. pneumoniae și E. faecium. Ratele PDR au fost ridicate în cazul tulpinilor de K. pneumoniae, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa și Acinetobacter spp. P. aeruginosa a prezentat rezistență crescută la peniciline, beta-lactame cu inhibitori și cefalosporine de generațiile IIIIV. De asemenea, s-a observat o rezistență extrem de ridicată la Imipenem, Meropenem și fluorochinolone. În schimb, rezistența moderată a fost observată la aminoglicozide, în timp ce la Colistin și Polymyxin B au prezentat sensibilitate înaltă. Tulpinile de P. aeruginosa izolate din secțiile de terapie intensivă și reanimare (ATI) au demonstrat rezistență foarte ridicată la o gamă largă de antibiotice. De asemenea, cele izolate din secțiile de chirurgie septică și traumatologie au arătat o rezistență crescută la antibiotice.
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