Infecțiile asociate asistenței medicale la copii
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infecţii asociate asistenţei medicale, copii, revizuiresistematică, prevenire, factori de risc, măsuri de controlRezumat
Estimarea exactă a numărului global de cazuri de infecții asociate asistenței medicale (IAAM) la copii este difi cilă din cauza variației în sistemele de raportare și monitorizare între diferite țări și regiuni. Cu toate acestea, dacă estimăm că există aproximativ 2 miliarde de copii la nivel global și luând în considerare că un procent mic dintre aceștia sunt spitlaizație anual, putem aproxima că milioane de cazuri de IAAM sunt înregistrate în fi ecare an. De exemplu, dacă 1% dintre copii sunt spitalizați anual și între 5% și 20% dintre aceștia dezvoltă IAAM, rezultă între 1 milion și 4 milioane de cazuri de IAAM la copii în fi ecare an. În total, măsurile preventive au variat în efi ciență, dar majoritatea studiilor au indicat o reducere semnifi cativă a incidenței IAAM după implementarea intervențiilor specifi ce. Un studiu realizat într-un spital pediatric din Europa a raportat că implementarea unor pachete de măsuri de prevenire, incluzând igiena riguroasă a mâinilor, dezinfectarea echipamentelor și utilizarea adecvată a antibioticelor, a redus incidența IAAM cu 30%. Alte studii au evidențiat importanța formării continue a personalului medical și implicarea familiei în procesele de îngrijire ca factori cheie în prevenirea infecțiilor. Un studiu dintr-un spital din Orientul Mijlociu a arătat că incidența IAAM a scăzut cu 35% după adoptarea unei politici stricte de utilizare a antibioticelor și implementarea unor protocoale de igienă pentru personalul medical și pacienți.
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